Iron

Name: Iron
Symbol: Fe
Atomic Number: 26
Atomic Mass: 55.845 amu
Melting Point: 1535.0 °C (1808.15 K, 2795.0 °F)
Boiling Point: 2750.0 °C (3023.15 K, 4982.0 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 26
Number of Neutrons: 30
Classification: Transition Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 7.86 g/cm3
Color: Silvery

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients
Discoverer: Chinese
Name Origin: Latin
Symbol Origin: From the Latin word ferrum (iron)
Uses: steel, hemoglobin (carries oxygen in blood)
Obtained From: iron ores

Chlorine

Name: Chlorine
Symbol: Cl
Atomic Number: 17
Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu
Melting Point: -100.98 °C (172.17 K, -149.764 °F)
Boiling Point: -34.6 °C (238.55 K, -30.279997 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 17
Number of Neutrons: 18
Classification: Halogen
Structure: Orthorhombic
Density @ 293 K: 3.214 g/cm3
Color: green

Date of Discovery: 1774
Discoverer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Name Origin: From the Greek word khlôros (green)
Uses: Water purification, bleaches
Obtained From: Salt

Magnesium

Name: Magnesium
Symbol: Mg
Atomic Number: 12
Atomic Mass: 24.305 amu
Melting Point: 650.0 °C (923.15 K, 1202.0 °F)
Boiling Point: 1107.0 °C (1380.15 K, 2024.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 12
Number of Neutrons: 12
Classification: Alkaline Earth
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 1.738 g/cm3
Color: grayish

Date of Discovery: 1808
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: Magnesia (City)
Uses: airplanes, missiles
Obtained From: sea water

Calcium

Name: Calcium
Symbol: Ca
Atomic Number: 20
Atomic Mass: 40.078 amu
Melting Point: 839.0 °C (1112.15 K, 1542.2 °F)
Boiling Point: 1484.0 °C (1757.15 K, 2703.2 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 20
Number of Neutrons: 20
Classification:Alkaline Earth
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3
Color: Silvery

Date of Discovery: 1808
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: From the latin word calcis (lime)
Uses: life forms for bones and shells
Obtained From: chalk, limestone, marble. 3.5% of crust

Sodium

Name: Sodium
Symbol: Na Atomic
Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 22.98977 amu
Melting Point: 97.72 °C (370.87 K, 207.9 °F)
Boiling Point: 883 °C (1156 K, 1621 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 11
Number of Neutrons: 12
Classification:Alkaline Earth
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 0.971 g/cm3
Color: silvery

Date of Discovery: 1807
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Name Origin: soda (Na2CO3)
Symbol Origin: From the Latin word natrium (sodium)
Uses: medicine, agriculture
Obtained From: table salts and other foods

Nitrogen

Name: Nitrogen
Symbol: N
Atomic Number: 7
Atomic Mass: 14.00674 amu
Melting Point: -209.9 °C (63.250008 K, -345.81998 °F)
Boiling Point: -195.8 °C (77.35 K, -320.44 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 7
Number of Neutrons: 7
Classification: Non Metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 1.2506 g/cm3
Color: colorless

Date of Discovery: 1772
Discoverer: Daniel Rutherford
Name Origin: Greek
Uses: forms most of atmosphere
Obtained From: from liquid air

Oxygen

Name: Oxygen
Symbol: O Atomic
Number: 8 Atomic Mass: 15.9994 amu
Melting Point: -218.4 °C (54.750008 K, -361.12 °F)
Boiling Point: -183.0 °C (90.15 K, -297.4 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 8
Number of Neutrons: 8
Classification: Non Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.429 g/cm3
Color: colorless

Date of Discovery: 1774
Discoverer: Joseph Priestly
Name Origin: From the Greek words oxus (acid) and gennan (generate)
Uses: supports life
Obtained From: from liquid air

Carbon

Name: Carbon
Symbol: C Atomic
Number: 6 Atomic Mass: 12.0107 amu
Melting Point: 3500.0 °C (3773.15 K, 6332.0 °F)
Boiling Point: 4827.0 °C (5100.15 K, 8720.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 6
Number of Neutrons: 6
Classification: Non Metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 2.62 g/cm3
Color: May be black

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients
Discoverer: Unknown
Name Origin: From the Latin carbo (coal)
Uses: steel, filters
Obtained From: burning with insufficient oxygen

Hydrogen

Basic InformationName: Hydrogen
Symbol: H Atomic
Number: 1
Atomic Mass: 1.00794 amu
Melting Point: -259.14 °C (14.009985 K, -434.45203 °F)
Boiling Point: -252.87 °C (20.280005 K, -423.166 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 1
Number of Neutrons: 0
Classification:Non Metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 0.08988 g/cm3
Color: colorless

Date of Discovery: 1766 Discoverer: Henry Cavendish
Name Origin: From the Greek words hudôr (water) and gennan (generate) Uses: Balloons, metal refining
Obtained From: mines, oil, gas wells